Chemistry, 1989
“Discovery of catalytic properties of RNA."
Thomas Cech
Physics, 2001
“The achievement of Bose-Einstein condensation in dilute gases of alkali atoms, and for early fundamental studies of the properties of the condensates.”
Carl Wieman and Eric Cornell
Physics, 2005
“Contributions to the development of laser-based precision spectroscopy, including the optical frequency comb technique.”
John “Jan” Hall
Physics, 2012
“Ground-breaking experimental methods that enable measuring and manipulation of individual quantum systems.”
David Wineland