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Just after 4听p.m. Central time Tuesday, a Hennepin County, Minnesota, judge made history when he announced former police officer Derek Chauvin, who is white, had been found guilty of murder and manslaughter in the killing of George Floyd, who is Black. The announcement marked the latest chapter in a case that shed unprecedented light on police-involved violence and sparked renewed activism in pursuit of racial equality.

鈥淭his case was a tipping point for many people in understanding police and race in the world and inspiring a willingness to get involved,鈥� said , a professor at the University of baby直播app Law School. 鈥淲e saw history-making protests and the birth of a new civil rights movement.鈥�

What made Tuesday鈥檚 verdict so unique, and will it lead to lasting change?听CU Boulder Today asked David Pyrooz, an assistant professor of sociology who studies crime trends and policing; Hillary Potter, associate professor of Africana studies and criminology; and Gruber for their takes.

What makes this verdict so historic?

Pyrooz:听Police officers are rarely charged, much less convicted, of murder or non-negligent manslaughter for actions that occur on the job. The murder of George Floyd stands in sharp contrast to other police-involved homicides across the United States. The nation鈥檚 eyes have been fixed on this case, with many using the jury鈥檚 verdict as an indicator of accountability in criminal justice.

Gruber:听The verdict was something that could be expected given the evidence. But the significance of the case has been the voices of the people and the movements. That put a spotlight on not only the cost of police violence and rethinking the relationship of police and the community but听also on the really fraught history of race in this country.

Potter:听The enormity of this verdict is due to the racial identities of Chauvin and Floyd鈥撯�搕hat Floyd was a large, dark-skinned Black man who is the avenged in this case adds to the dearth in such juridicial outcomes.

What may have made the outcome of this case different than that of similar ones?

Pyrooz:听The video recording was significant. It captured the life escaping George Floyd鈥檚 body and the sheer disregard for human life. That, combined with the efforts of activists, helped to keep Floyd鈥檚 murder at the forefront of public discourse and scrutiny. There was also near-unanimous condemnation from police executives from across the country. Most police-involved homicides involve shades of gray; this one, in contrast, was black and white.

Gruber:听It has long been the case that police will use force against Black and white community members when they get in their crosshairs, but that police force is disproportionately present in poor neighborhoods of color. For a long time, police could do anything, and people were willing to accept that especially when there wasn鈥檛 bystander video. Now, we have to keep the pressure on police departments to stop this from happening in the first place.

Potter:听Short of engaging with the jurors, we can only speculate why this case is different. We saw responses to Floyd鈥檚 death that we had not seen in previous killings, such as the deaths of Tamir Rice, Michael Brown, Sandra Bland, Eric Garner听and all the other lost souls who were victims of agents of the criminal, legal and carceral system.

In summer 2020, we witnessed a broad and sizable array of organizations, corporations and educational institutions issue statements against anti-Black violence and for social and racial justice. I believe the trial鈥撯�搊ccurring only 11 months after Floyd鈥檚 murder, and while we are still in strange times with the COVID-19 pandemic鈥撯�搃mpacted the unusual outcome in this case.

What could potentially change as a result?

Pyrooz:听There have already been changes, especially in baby直播app. SB20-217, or the Enhance Law Enforcement Integrity bill, requires body-worn cameras, criminalizes officer non-intervention in excessive force, eliminates qualified immunity and creates a database for police officers engaged in misconduct.

But beyond the policy sphere, there have been serious conversations about the legitimacy and, notably, the necessity of police. People have realized that police may not be the only solution, or the best solution, especially for minor crimes and public incivilities.

Gruber:听There have already been communities creating commissions looking at police use of force and accountability. We are also seeing bail reform legislation going forward and internal departmental changes. But, I think we need more than just studying whether this is a problem鈥撯�揵ecause this is a problem.

Things that are more meaningful to me include community investment projects that put resources toward听poorer neighborhoods of color that are not violence-based resources. Instead, they鈥檙e social services, housing programs and educational programs that can help communities achieve security without violence. My suggestion would be to spend less time on all the commissions and data and instead go straight to the reforms that seem to be working.

Potter:听The momentum that began with the worldwide visceral and cerebral response to the killing of George Floyd has the potential to produce more impactful and nationwide changes that many African Americans and others have demanded for generations.

Some answers have been edited for brevity and clarity. Kelsey Simpkins and Nicole Mueksch contributed to this story.