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• Deception, secrecy, coercion
• Assigning demerits
• Demeaning names
• Social isolation
• Expecting certain items to always be in your possession
• Ignoring members
• Progress reports for members
• Duties assigned only to specific members
• Trying to instill fear in members
• Depriving members of privileges

(Allan, 2015; Allan & Kerschner, 2020; Adapted from Bringing in the Bystander)

• Verbal abuse
• Threats or implied threats
• Asking members to wear embarrassing attire
• Skit nights with degrading or humiliating acts
• Sleep deprivation
• Sexual simulations
• Questioning or interrogation under pressure
• Requiring new members to perform personal service to active members or alumni (e.g. carrying books, running errands)
• Required singing or chanting at an unrelated game or event

(Allan, 2015; Allan & Kerschner, 2020; Adapted from Bringing in the Bystander)

• Forced consumption of alcohol, drugs, food, etc.
• Beating, paddling or other forms of assault
• Branding
• Water intoxication
• Abduction/kidnapping
• Sexual assault, including inappropriate touching, non-consensual sex (oral, anal, vaginal) or sexual acts with objects (including sex toys)
• Forced tattoos or body piercings
• Enduring harsh weather without appropriate clothing or protection

(Allan, 2015; Allan & Kerschner, 2020; Adapted from Bringing in the Bystander)

Knowing what hazing looks like can help you understand what is okay and what crosses the line. To help identify if an action may be considered hazing, ask the following questions:

• Is this part of the membership process for a particular group?
• Could this cause harm, including feelings of embarrassment, humiliation or degradation?
• Are people involved being pressured or coerced to participate?
• What will happen to someone who does not want to participate?

It is important to know that groups who participate in these types of hazing activities or rituals often swear members to secrecy about all aspects of the group, including initiation requirements and activities. Speaking up about hazing, even when it interferes with a group’s expectations, can help prevent it from escalating or happening to other members.

If you are concerned about a friend who may be experiencing hazing, here are some ways to start the conversation.��

• Start from a place of care. Show the individual that you care about them and are concerned. For instance, you can say something like “I’ve noticed you’ve been spending more time with [group], and I’m concerned about how it has been affecting you.”
• Describe what you have observed (e.g., lack of sleep, changes in your friend’s mood). Sometimes individuals being hazed do not realize they are being hazed.
• Listen without judgment. Show the person it’s okay to come to you for support, even if it is a hard subject to talk about.
• Validate that hazing is wrong, it’s not okay and it’s not the person’s fault.
• Empower the individual to take some sort of action by suggesting options or resources (e.g., talking to a professional, leaving the organization, reporting the organization, etc.).
• Stay connected. Not all individuals going through hazing are ready to take action and need time to process. It is vital that you are still there for support as they could need you later on.

• Instill a strong sense of belonging in group members.��Group members get to know each other and build feelings of connectedness, and healthy relationships with each other.
• Understand��how the group works.��Make sure group members understand the expectations, dynamics within��and operations of the group.
• Learn and build an awareness of group history. Group members learn about the history of the group's formation, identities, represented��and evolution over time.
• Build trust among the group. Group members build trust amongst themselves through open, honest, and accountable communication and behaviors.
• Promote��a strong sense of purpose. Group members feel connected to each other and the larger meaning of the group, developing a sense of pride and purpose for their accomplishments.
• Encourage continued reflection and consideration of group and personal values, and how they are in misalignment with hazing and other harmful behaviors, activities��and dynamics that can be created in group spaces.
• Discuss how values-based decision making can create safer, welcoming��and healthy group spaces - and can be a means of preventing hazing.
• Make connections between ethical leadership and group members’ sense of belonging.
• Gain familiarity with hazing and the ways in which it can affect group leadership and can impact the communities to which we belong.
• Consider group behaviors related to ethics, personal, group��and community values, and how shifting group behaviors can create space to positively change a group culture.

Team leaders can also:

• Request a workshop from Health Promotion about hazing prevention.
• Participate in��the��CU GOLD Core Leadership Program (CLP)��to learn��more about team building strategies for your group.��

• What types of groups or organizations have you thought about joining and why?
• What do you know about the group? How can you find out more?
• What kinds of activities are required to join?
• Will it impact your academics, social life or other activities?
• Is drinking or drug use involved?
• How comfortable are you with the activities or the unknowns related to the membership process?